This guide focuses on the essentials: feeding, temperature regulation, safe sleep, and identifying medical red flags.
Disclaimer: This guide is for educational purposes and does not replace your specific NICU discharge plan. Always consult your pediatrician for medical concerns.
What’s different about caring for a premature baby?
Premature babies require extra care because their internal systems are still maturing. Their immune systems, digestive tracts, and ability to regulate body temperature are not yet as robust as a full-term baby's. You may also find that your baby tires more easily, particularly during physical handling or feeding.
When caring for a premature baby it’s important to understand correct age. Developmentally, it is important to track milestones using their "corrected age" as this is the age your baby would be if they had been born on their original due date. Using corrected age helps set realistic expectations for when your baby will hit major milestones like smiling, sitting up, or crawling
How to calculate it:
- Actual Age (weeks since birth) – Weeks Premature = Corrected Age.
- Example: If your baby is 16 weeks old but was born 8 weeks early, their corrected age is 8 weeks. Expect them to hit the milestones of a 2-month-old.
Coming home from the NICU: what to expect
The first few weeks at home are often characterized by a high frequency of feeds, more sleep than a term baby, and a busy schedule of medical appointments.
Before leaving the hospital, you will receive a discharge plan. This usually includes specific instructions for:
- Feeding volumes and schedules.
- Necessary medications or vitamin supplements.
- Weight-check intervals.
Depending on your baby’s gestational age and medical history, you may have a team of specialists to visit, including a paediatrician, lactation consultant, or early intervention physiotherapist.
Feeding a premature baby
Feeding is the top priority for a preemie. Because they missed out on some third-trimester growth in the womb, they have higher calorie and protein needs to support rapid development.
Breastmilk, formula, or a mix
Breastmilk is encouraged for the immune support and nutrients it provides. However, many preemies require "fortified" breastmilk or specialized post-discharge formula to ensure they meet their growth targets. Whatever feeding method supports healthy growth and keeps your baby thriving is the right choice for your family.
Feeding cues and pacing
Preemies often need "snack-style" feeds so paced feeding can be helpful. If your baby falls asleep mid-feed, pause, burp them, and try again. Watch for subtle signs that your baby is ready to eat:
- Rooting: Turning the head toward the breast or bottle.
- Sucking motions: Smacking lips or making sucking sounds.
- Hands to mouth: Moving fists toward the face.
Tracking growth
Keeping a simple log in a notebook or app can help manage the mental load. Track:
- Feedings: Times and volume consumed or duration at breast.
- Nappy output: Your care team will give you a target range for wet and dirty nappies.
- Weight: Record gains if your doctor has requested home monitoring.
